Superheater



SUPERHEATER.

APPLICATION man rEB.1,1921. 1,41 1,680. Patented Apr. 4, 1922. A 2 sHhErssHEEr 2.

a l 9 a /2 ,UNITED ,STATES PATENT oFFlcs.

. l l I BENJAMIN BROIDO, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE SUPERHEATER. COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A. CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

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Specication of Letters Iatent.

.Application filed February 16, 1921. Serial No. 445,501.

citizen of the United States, and resident` of New'York, N.' Y., have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Superheaters, whereoffthe following is a specification. u' l This invention Arelates to. suprheaters, and more. particularly tothe means employed for protecting such structures against excessive heat. It has for its principalobject the provision of an improved form of such means and their arran ement with relation to the superheater. be evident as the description proceeds.

In reading the following specification reference should be made to the accompanying drawings. In these drawings, Fig. 1 illustrates my invention in the form preferred when applied to a boiler of the general type appearing in that figure, Fig. 2 be- .ing a fragmentary sectional view on line 2-2 of Fig.'1;. Fig, 3 shows a variation adapted' to' another -form of boiler, Fig. 4

being a front view of a portion of the superheater elements, vthe protective means being in place; Figs.'5 and 6 are fragmentaryv views of two variations in the protective means; Fig. 7 is a section "on line 7-7 of Fig; 1, on an enlarged scale.'

It will become clear, before the description has proceeded very far,v that the specific form of the boiler does not constitute an essential feature of my invention, although' it may make advisable 4some modifications. It.

dinary commercial form. Two upper drums.

1-1 are connected .to the two lower drums 2 2 by the tubes 33, the disposition being such that a combustion space f1r is left lbetween the two sets of tubes, this space widenin towardthe bottom. The furnace space 5 1s directly Abeneath thiscombustion yspace. An appropriate housing 6 encloses --the boiler structure, while baffles? direct the products of combustion in several passes along the tubes" 3, as these roducts `pass toward the stack connections -8.

This boiler structure and its function are well known and are not modified in any way for tlrje present purpose. j

Thev structure of the superleater proper ther objects will is also of a usual type. Headers 9-9 receive steamA from the steam-and-water drums 1-1 by means of pipes 10-10, and ,deliver it to the superheater elements or units 11'-11. These elements loop from the'headersdownward into the combustion spaceA 4, and out again, connectinof with their other jends to theA central header 12. 'While -no specific means of securing theelements to the headere` are indicated in the drawings, I prefer to employ the f'fa'miliar clamping means whereby one bolt holds the two ends of either the same or adjacent elements to the headers. This permits of ready detachment and reattachment when it is desired to remove elements for any purpose.. The portion of the' elements in the combustion space preferably includes two or .three loops. All of the loops of any one element are arranged in a single plane and the several elements are arranged in parallel planes. This will appear clearly from Fig. 2. 'There are as ma'ny of these loops, and their spacing and size is such, as may be dictated in each case by such considerations as the amount of steam to be superheated, the temperature of the 'gases to be ei'rpected, the superheat it is desired to obtain.'v v

@The steam on its passagethrough these elements becomes superheated ,and s by them delivered to header 12, from which it is taken off by suitable connections (not indicated) and carried to the oint of use.

The increased use of hig ly superheated steam'has brought about the location of superheaters lin positions such as :above described. It will be evident that alocation a's vexposed as this is to the extremely high -Patented Apr. 4, 1922. p

furnace temperatures could. be used without some form, of protection only under the most favorable conditions. Where, e. g., steam consumption 'is intermittent, the engineer other steam-consuming device being ,shut down at times, the life of the elements would be seriously endangered unless they were shielded in some way. from the direct furnace For thisvpurpose'I interpose a radiation. baiiie 13 vbetween the superheater and the furnace. This baie I suspendy entirely from the' superheater elements. It is .composed of a`number of independent sections, some 'of which. are lettered a, 6,0, d, e, f, in Fig.

Each SectiQh' is located under,L and'is sus# pended from, three elements. Each se'c- 'tion abuts against, but is independent of its neighbors. The means for suspending the sections from the elements are not a part of my invention, and any form preferred may be employed. I show, by way of illustration, hangers 14 for this purpose. I prefer to make the sections of fire-brick and to make them of the general construction indicated, but this is not essential; provided only they form a continuous baille when i n place and are independent oi'yeach other and secured only to the elements directly above `them. In the form illustrated the baille 13 is made up of upper bricks suspended as clearly illustrated in Fig. 1. and lower bricks 26 whose method ot' suspension from the upv per bricks will be evident from an inspection of Fig. 7.

The ends of the elements pass through the roof of the setting to reach the headers 9 9 and 12. The portion of the roof through which they pass should be made iii sections readily removable and replaceable. The particular' means used to accomplish this is not part oi my present invention` and is of no particular interest here. All that is required is that when in place the roo'i' shall be air-tight. and that-it be readily removed and replaced in sections, as stated.

When now it is desired to remove an element, its connections and those of the two above the same baille section with their header 9 and the header 12 are broken, whereupon the three elements together with the baffle section can be lowered into the furnace space and withdrawn through the furnace door. Replacing vthe elements and the baiilelsection is equally readily accomplished -and the procedure will be evident.

f the baille 13 were a continuous structure, such as hitherto employed .in analogous places, the diiliculty and labor of such a re- A lnoval and replacement are evident.

It will be clear that the sections must be closely enough in Contact to-present adequate obstruct-ion to the vintense furnace heat, but that no perfect closure is required. The form of my device in Figs. 3 and 4 {Will be readily understood. The boiler has an upper drum 1a and a lower drum 2a, 50

connected by Water tubes 3. The furnace space 5 is separated from drum 2 by the wall W, and above the furnace space is the combustion space 4, The housing 6 encloses the parts mentioned. Appropriate bailling directs the products of combustion from furnace 5 and combustion space #la over the Water tubes 3a on their way to the stack connection 8a.

The superheater headers 9 and 12 are here also arranged outside of the liousing, and

the elements or units 11 extend through the roof into the chamber 4a. They are looped, and a baille wall 13 is suspended from their lower ends. the baille being made in sections Wide enough to extend over the spacebelow housing.

three elements, just as in the case Afirst described. These sections are also contiA uous but independent and are suspended from the' lower ends of the corresponding element The protect-ion for the super-'heater in this case is extended up on the front and rear, thus forming what may bevcalled a housing for the. superheater. The protection at the front and back takes the'form of an apertured fire-brick wall, and is made up of bricks corresponding in width to the sections of the baille 13. Reference to Fig. 4 will make this clear. Bricks 15, each with a central aperture, 16, are 'arranged in tiers above the sections of baille 13', each tier resting' on the end of its section.' Thusvany one section of the baille 13 and its t\vo tiers of bricks 15 is removable independently of the adjoining portions of the protective structure. The tiers of bricks 15 will ordinarilyrequire no provision to keep them in place, butv where such provision seems necessary or desirable they eanbe kept from falling outward in any desired way, e. g. by tie rods extending through the openings 16, or by a band or ybands extendingr entirely around the The openings 16 in the-bricks are provided i'or the circulation 'of gases through the'lsuperheater` space, and the radiation of heat into it. Their sine, shape and disposition may evidently be varied widely.

It will be clear that the advantageous features oi' the form first described are equally present here. When a unit of the superheater is to be removed, it is not necessary to remove the entire bafHe protecting it, but

the removal of the baille section corresponding to it is sufficient. The unit, and the other two over the same baille section with it. are ydetached from the headers, whereupon the three units and the bailie-,section and bricks 15 can all be lowered into the furnace space and removedthrough the door.v

I have shown three elements for each baille section in both cases. Evidently this number may be varied, and the Sections made narrower, to correspond to two elements, or made Wider to correspond to more than three.

In Fig'. 5 are, shown some superheater units'with theirV suspended bottom rotection, the latterl illustrating the fol owing variation: Instead of lying in the same plane,v alternate ones, 13, are suspended by longer hangers so that they lie in a plane below those;` 13b which are adjacent to the units. By this means most of the direct radiation from the furnace is intercepted,

.but circulation of hot gases over the superheater is facilitated.

can be independently removed here as in the cases first described.

Vhere it is desired to shut off the direct radiation a little more completely than Ain the variation just described, the bricks 13a and 13b may be made a little Wider, as in Fig. G, so that the ends 18 and 19 do not clear. In that case, of course, so'me part of l the ready removability is lost, as usually one lower set 13 will have 'to be removed before it is possible to take out a set 13.

Other variations will naturally occur in practice.4

What I claim is:

l. In a boiler having a furnace, the com- 'bination of superheater headers located above said furnace, a plurality of alined groups of tabular parallel superheater ele# ments attached to the headers and arranged in proximity to the furnace, and a rebrick protective housing around the bottom, frontup of a plurality of sections each corresponding to a group of elements and each suspended entirely from Iits group of elemeiiits independently of the other sections, whereby any group and its section is removable and replaceable independently of the others.

3. In a boiler having a Afurnace, the combination of superheater headers, a plurality of groups ofremovable superheater elements secured to the headers, means supported entirely by the elements to protect them against excessive heat, the means of each group being entirely separate from those adjoining, but contacting with them and with them vforming a continuous protection, whereby any one group with its protecting means maybe removed and turbing the others.

4. In a superheater structure, the combination of a plurality of alined groups of tubular parallel superheater elements, and protecting means supported entirely by the elements, the means of each group contacting with those of neighboring groups but being entirely separate from them.

5. yIn a superheater structure,'the combination of a plurality of parallel alined, relatively narrow removable superheater elements, means to protect them against heat comprising a plurality ofindependent secreplaced Without dis tions each attached to, suspended from, and

removable With a relatively small number of these elements.

" BENJAMIN BRorDo. 

